The International Enforcement Law Reporter

The International Enforcement Law Reporter is a monthly print and online journal covering news and trends in international enforcement law.

Since September 1985, the International Enforcement Law Reporter has analyzed the premier developments in both the substantive and procedural aspects of international enforcement law. Read by practitioners, academics, and politicians, the IELR is a valuable guide to the difficult and dynamic field of international law.

Council of Europe Adopts Protocol Amending the Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism

Friday, July 18, 2025
Author: 
Michael Plachta
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

On July 9, 2025, the Council of Europe (CoE) officially adopted a Protocol amending the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism (CETS No. 196), also known as the Warsaw Convention (hereafter “the Convention”).

Will the New Brazil Tariffs Undermine the So-Called Emergency Rationales under IEEPA?

Thursday, July 17, 2025
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

On July 9, 2025, President Donald Trump announced that he would impose a 50 percent tariff on all Brazilian imports, partly in retaliation for the Brazilian government’s prosecution of former President Jair Bolsonaro, who is charged with, inter alia, attempting a coup. 

Two OmegaPro Executives Charged with Running $650 Million Cybercrime Operation

Friday, July 11, 2025
Author: 
Austin Wahl
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

On Tuesday, July 8, 2025, the District of Puerto Rico charged two American citizens with defrauding thousands of investors of over $650 million by promising excellent returns (as much as 300% over sixteen months)[2] on cryptocurrency and foreign exchange investments while making various security assurances.

French Application Filed Against Iran in the ICJ Regarding the Detention of Two French Nationals

Friday, July 11, 2025
Author: 
Alienor Vogeleer
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

On May 19, 2025, France filed a petition to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against the Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) for the ongoing three-year long detainment of two French nationals, Ms. Cécile Kohler and Mr. Jacques Paris, who were on holiday in Iran when they were detained for alleged spying for the French government on May 8, 2022.

Who Gets In? Immigration, Genocide, and the Ethics of Obtaining U.S. Citizenship

Friday, July 11, 2025
Author: 
Ore Adedeji
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

Since the Belgian colonization of Rwanda, there have been strong ethnic tensions between the two main ethnic groups: the Tutsi and the Hutu. Because Belgium institutionalized the differences between the two groups and favored the Tutsi, the tensions between the two groups escalated, ultimately leading to and resulting in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.

OFAC Issues Maximum Penalty in Enforcement Against Venture Capital Firm for Russia Sanctions Violations

Thursday, July 3, 2025
Author: 
Michelle Roberts
Volume: 
41
Issue: 
8
Abstract: 

On June 12, 2024, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced a significant enforcement action against GVA Capital (“GVA”), a California-based venture capital firm, imposing the statutory maximum penalty of $216 million.

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