France Enacts Landmark Legislation to Facilitate the Restitution of Colonial Era Cultural Assets: Implications for International Enforcement and Transition of State Assets
France’s National Assembly and the Senate unanimously adopted an amended version of a landmark bill on April 13, 2026, to facilitate the return of cultural property looted during the colonial era, in a move that signals a major shift in the field of international restitution law. The legislation, law n° 2026-351, fulfills the promise Emmanuel Macron made during his speech at the University of Ouagadougou in 2017, to make the return of African heritage a priority. The 2026 law is a direct response to the Macron ordered 2018 Savoy Sarr Report, which found that an estimated 90 to 95 percent of Africa’s cultural heritage is currently held in major museums outside the continent, with France alone holding at least 90,000 objects from sub-Saharan Africa