The International Enforcement Law Reporter

The International Enforcement Law Reporter is a monthly print and online journal covering news and trends in international enforcement law.

Since September 1985, the International Enforcement Law Reporter has analyzed the premier developments in both the substantive and procedural aspects of international enforcement law. Read by practitioners, academics, and politicians, the IELR is a valuable guide to the difficult and dynamic field of international law.

UK Appellate Court Upholds UWO against Azerbaijani Banker’s Wife

Tuesday, February 18, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On February 5, 2020, the England and Wales Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal by the wife of a jailed Azerbaijani banker to discharge the unexplained wealth order (UWO) against her property in central London made by the national Crime Agency (Hajiyeva v NCA, 2020 EWCA Civ 108).[1]

New York Times Journalist Allegedly Targeted by Spyware Linked to Saudi Arabia

Monday, February 17, 2020
Author: 
Alexandra Haris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On January 28, 2020, a report[1] was released alleging that a New York Times journalist, Ben Hubbard, was sent spyware in 2018 that was embedded in a text message on his cellphone.  This malware is purported to be linked to Saudi Arabia, making this the first American journalist to have been targeted.[2]

U.S. Indicts Four Members of China Military for Hacking into Equifax

Thursday, February 13, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On February 10, 2020, United States Attorney General William P. Barr announced the indictment[1] of four Chinese military hackers for breaking into the computer systems of the credit-reporting agency Equifax, and for stealing the sensitive personal information of nearly half of all United States citizens, and also Equifax’s intellectual property.[2]

U.S. Court of Appeals for D.C. Circuit Rules Congress Lacks Standing on Emoluments Case

Thursday, February 13, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On February 7, 2020, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in a per curiam ruling decided the 215 Members of Congress did not have standing to sue President Donald Trump over alleged violations of the U.S. Constitution’s Foreign Emoluments Clause (Clause).[1]  The opinion reverses the district court’s decision, denying President Trump’s motion to dismiss.

Brazil Extradites Terrorist Wanted in 1977 Atocha Massacre to Spain

Monday, February 10, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On February 6, 2020, Brazil extradited Carlos García Juliá, wanted for participating in the 1977 Atocha massacre in Madrid, to Spain.  On his arrival, he was sent to the Soto del Real prison to complete his jail sentence for the five murders and four attempted homicides committed in an office of labor lawyers.[1] At the time of the assassinations García Juliá  was a member of the right-wing New Force.  In 1980, Spain convicted him for being one of the perpetrators of the massacre of three labor attorneys, a law student, and a staff member in the labor lawyers’ office of Comisiones Obreras.[2]

International Court of Justice Indicates Provisional Measures in the Rohingya Genocide Case

Friday, February 7, 2020
Author: 
Gino Naldi and Konstantinos Magliveras
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On November 11, 2019, Gambia instituted proceedings against Myanmar before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) claiming the maltreatment of the Rohingya community constituted genocidal acts in breach of the Genocide Convention, to which both States are parties.[1] The case focuses on the ill-treatment of the Rohingya ethnic and Muslim minority, mainly in Myanmar’s Rakhine State, by the Myanmar military and local militia, which has been described by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights as a ‘textbook example of ethnic cleansing.’[2]

ICC Prosecutor Requests the Court to Rule on Jurisdiction in the Palestine Situation

Thursday, February 6, 2020
Author: 
Michael Plachta
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On January 22, 2020, the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) re-submitted its request pursuant to Article 19(3) of the Rome Statute for a ruling on the Court’s territorial jurisdiction in the Palestine situation. The original request was filed on December 20, 2019.[1] On that day, the Prosecutor also applied for an extension of the page limit applicable to requests submitted under Article 19(3).

U.S., Jersey, and Nigeria Make Agreement to Repatriate Over $300 Million of Stolen Abacha Funds

Thursday, February 6, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On February 3, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) signed a trilateral agreement with the governments of Nigeria and Jersey to repatriate approximately $308 million of embezzled and/or stolen funds of former Nigerian dictator Sani Abacha and his co-conspirators to Nigeria.[1]

Airbus Settles Corruption and Other Charges with U.S., UK, and France

Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 

On January 31, 2020, Airbus SE (the Company), a global supplier of civilian and military aircraft headquartered in France, agreed to pay penalties of more than $3.9 billion to resolve transnational corruption and other charges with authorities in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom arising out of Airbus’s scheme to use third-party business partners to bribe government officials, as well as non-governmental airline executives, worldwide and to resolve the Company’s  violation of the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and its implementing regulations, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), in the United States.  The case is the largest transnational corruption resolution to date.[1]

Bulgaria Charges 3 Russians over Attempted Murder by Nerve Agents

Saturday, February 1, 2020
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
36
Issue: 
2
Abstract: 
On January 23, 2020, Bulgarian prosecutors charged three Russians in absentia for the attempted murder of a weapons manufacturer, his son, and the production manager of the company.[1] According to Sofia City Prosecutor’s Office (SGP), the three suspects tried to poison the victims internationally ‘by intoxication with an unidentified phosphorus-organic substance.”[2] The three suspects clandestinely entered Bulgaria using fake passports and used an organophosphate poison in an effort “to deliberately kill” the arms manufacturer, Emilian Gebrev, the owner of EMCO Ltd., his son Hristo Gebrev, and manager Valentin Takhchiev between April 28 and May 4, 2015.[3]

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