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In April 2025, the United States and Russia conducted their second high-profile prisoner swap since the beginning of President Donald Trump’s current term, exchanging Russian American ballerina Ksenia Karelina for dual German Russian national Arthur Petrov. Karelina, who had been sentenced to 12 years in a Russian penal colony for making a $50 donation to a U.S.-based charity supporting Ukraine, was designated by the U.S. government as wrongfully detained in October 2024.[1] Petrov, meanwhile, was accused of conspiring to smuggle sensitive U.S. microelectronics to Russia’s military industrial sector in violation of export controls imposed after Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine.[2]