The International Enforcement Law Reporter

The International Enforcement Law Reporter is a monthly print and online journal covering news and trends in international enforcement law.

Since September 1985, the International Enforcement Law Reporter has analyzed the premier developments in both the substantive and procedural aspects of international enforcement law. Read by practitioners, academics, and politicians, the IELR is a valuable guide to the difficult and dynamic field of international law.

Swiss Courts Clear UBS and Former Compliance Officer in Mozambique ‘Tuna Bond’ Case

Friday, June 12, 2026
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
7
Abstract: 

               Swiss courts have cleared both UBS and a former Credit Suisse compliance officer in the Mozambique “Tuna Bond’ case.  On April 13, 2026, media reported that Switzerland’s Federal Criminal Court found that UBS could not be held responsible for alleged misconduct related to events that occurred well before UBS took over Credit Suisse on an emergency basis.  The court explained that “(t)ransferring criminal liability to UBS, coupled with its conviction and the payment of a fine as a criminal penalty, would violate the principle of culpability” and would be against both the Swiss constitution and European Convention on Human Rights.”[1]

CARICOM IMPACS and Crime Stoppers Sign MOU to Cooperate and CARICOM Initiates Regional Crime Violence Prevention Framework

Friday, June 12, 2026
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
7
Abstract: 
               On May 13, 2026,  the Caribbean Community (CARICOM ) Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (IMPACS)  announced that it and Crime Stoppers for the Caribbean, Bermuda and Latin America (CBLA Crime Stoppers Foundation) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to increase regional cooperation in support of crime prevention, intelligence coordination and citizen participation across the Caribbean.  The parties signed the agreement on May 12, 2026 in Paramaribo, Suriname, during the Annual Conference of Caribbean Commissioners of Police (ACCP).  The MOU targets serious and transnational organized crime affecting the Caribbean.  The MOU preceded by one week the start by CARICOM-UNDP of the diagnostic document and action framework, entitled A Regional Approach to Addressing Crime, Violence, Resilience, and Human Security in the Caribbean.

The Trump Administration’s Deportations of Third-Country Nationals to African Countries Raises Questions of Compliance with International and Domestic Law

Friday, June 5, 2026
Author: 
Dimitris Konstantopoulos
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
7
Abstract: 

               The recent arrival of third country deportees from the United States into Sierra Leone generated considerable controversy due to the migrants’ lack of cultural or political connection to the tiny West African nation.[2] The migrants are nationals of Ghana, Guinea, Senegal, and Nigeria

Judge Leon’s Preliminary Injunction to Remove Albanese from Sanctions List and Its Constitutional Implications

Thursday, June 4, 2026
Author: 
Jaccaranda Woldemariam
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
7
Abstract: 

               On May 13, 2026, US District Judge Richard Leon granted a preliminary injunction to remove Francesca Albanese from the Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (OFAC) sanctions list.  This removal was short lived. Albanese’s name was added back to the sanctions list on May 27, 2026, after the U.S. government appealed the decision and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals enabled the reinstatement of Albanese’s name pending further court orders

From Code to Case File: How the EU AI Act, GDPR, and Data Act Are Transforming AI Governance into Evidentiary Risk (Part 1 of 2)

Thursday, June 4, 2026
Author: 
Adriana Sanford
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
7
Abstract: 

               The European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is often described as the first comprehensive, horizontal legal framework for artificial intelligence. The AI Act operates as the mechanism through which artificial intelligence systems are brought within the European Union’s (EU) broader architecture of market supervision, data protection, product safety, cybersecurity resilience, and civil accountability.

Venezuela Extradites Alex Saab to the U.S. on Money Laundering Charges

Thursday, May 28, 2026
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
6
Abstract: 

               On May 18, 2026, Venezuela’s former Minister of Industry and National Production appeared in court in the Southern District of Florida to answer charges of his alleged participation in an international money laundering conspiracy concerning the corruption and exploitation of a Venezuelan public welfare program intended to bring food to indigent Venezuelans.  The development is important since the Venezuelan government extradited Alex Nain Saab Moran, 55, even though he was a Venezuelan national. 

Panama Arrests U.S. Fugitive on the Lam Since 1993 Wanted for Murder

Thursday, May 28, 2026
Author: 
Bruce Zagaris
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
6
Abstract: 

               On May 10, 2026, the United States Marshals Service (USMS) Detroit Fugitive Apprehension Team (DFAT) announced the arrest of a fugitive on the lam for more than 30 years after accusations that he committed murder in 1993.  In September 1993, days after the murder of his roommate, Rodney Barger, 23, on September 15, Detroit police arrested Richard Werstine, 56.

France Narrowly Avoids Abolition of its Version of a Deferred Prosecution Agreement

Wednesday, May 27, 2026
Author: 
Frederick T. Davis
Volume: 
42
Issue: 
6
Abstract: 

              In 2016 France adopted a law known universally as the Loi Sapin 2 as part of a thorough revamping of its national prosecutorial functions and in particular its ability to address transnational crime such as corruption and money laundering.  Earlier in the decade, many of Europe’s (and France’s) corporate icons such as industrial giant Alstom and petroleum giant Total had entered into humiliating guilty pleas or deferred prosecution agreements with the US Department of Justice where they paid huge fines for activity with few links to the United States, while French prosecutors did virtually nothing – and did not participate in the payouts.

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